How to Use an RGB LED
An RGB LED is actually three LEDs in one bulb. The housing contains separate red, blue and green LEDs which share a common cathode, or negative terminal. The brightness of each color is determined by its input voltage. By combining the three colors in different amounts, you can turn the LED any color you want. This circuit demonstrates the use of an RGB LED by using a potentiometer to control the voltage going to each color. A potentiometer is a variable resistor controlled by a knob, like the volume dial on your stereo.
Instructions
1
Connect the battery clip to the power and ground rails of the breadboard. The red wire from the battery clip connects to the power supply rail, and the black wire connects to ground. Do not put the batteries in the clip yet.
2
Place the LED on the breadboard so that the four pins are not connected to each other. Connect the longest pin, the cathode, to ground. Consult your LED's datasheet to confirm which pin is which, as it may vary with different manufacturers.
Calculate the resistor value you will need for each pin. Different color LEDs have different maximum voltage ratings, so consult your LED's datasheet, which will list the maximum forward voltage for each color. Calculate resistor values using Ohm's law, which states that resistance equals voltage divided by current, or R = V/I. For each color, subtract the maximum forward voltage from the supply voltage. The result is the voltage you need to drop across the resistor. Plug in the resistor voltage for V, and divide by .02 for current. The result is the minimum resistor value you should use for that color.
4
Connect the first resistor to the positive power rail, and then to the left terminal of a potentiometer. Connect the center terminal of the potentiometer to the appropriate leg of the LED for this color. Connect the right terminal of the potentiometer to ground. Repeat for the other two colors. The potentiometer will act as a voltage divider, so the actual resistance value of the potentiometer is irrelevant. Turning the knob on the potentiometer will set the voltage to any position between 0 volts and the maximum forward voltage, controlling the brightness of the color.
5
Connect the batteries to the clip, and the LED will light up. Control the color by turning the three potentiometer knobs. Each knob controls the brightness of its own color.
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How to Make Fireworks out of LED Lights
How to Make Fireworks out of LED Lights
Fireworks explode in the air and form patterns of light that last only momentarily. Use LED lights to imitate a pattern of light that a firework can make when it goes off in the sky. The LEDs must be arranged so that they radiate outward in order to approximate the visual effect of the explosion. Colored LEDs will make the effect more impressive and lifelike. The LEDs and the other supplies needed can be acquired from a hardware store.
Instructions
1
Rake a section of your backyard free of dirt and other contaminants. Place the end of the red LED light panel strip at the center of the section that has been freed of dirt and other contaminants. Run the other end of the strip in a clockwise pattern to form a circle.
2
Measure out 10 inches from a side of the red LED ring. Place the end of the blue LED light panel strip at this point. Run the other end of the strip around the red circle in a clockwise pattern to form a circle.
Measure 10 inches out from a side of the blue LED ring and repeat the procedure just completed with a white LED light panel strip.
4
Plug the power cord at the end of the red strip into an extension cord. Insert the plug at the other end of the extension cord into one of the sockets on a power strip that has a rocker switch. Repeat this procedure with the blue and white strip’s power cords, two extension cords and two power strips. Plug the power strips into outlets for power.
5
Stand your spectators where they can look toward the ground where the LED strips are located. Let it get dark so that the ground can no longer be seen.
6
Flip the switch on the power strip that is attached to the red LED circle. Let the LEDs illuminate for three seconds. Flip the switch again to turn off the red LEDs as you flip the switch on the power strip that is connected to the blue LED circle. Let the blue LEDs illuminate for six seconds.
7
Flip the switch to turn off the blue LEDs as you flip the switch on the power strip that is connected to the white LED circle. Let the white LEDs illuminate for 10 seconds. Flip the switch again to turn off the white LEDs. Repeat the procedure, only varying the time of each circle of LEDs to simulate the effect of fireworks going off.
Tips & Warnings
Add sound effects to make the "fireworks" appear more realistic to those watching.
You can hang the LEDs to make it appear as if the fireworks are going off in the sky.
Jagged circles will look better than smooth ones for the firework effect.
Do not use indoor extension cords; only use those that are rated for outdoor use.
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Fireworks explode in the air and form patterns of light that last only momentarily. Use LED lights to imitate a pattern of light that a firework can make when it goes off in the sky. The LEDs must be arranged so that they radiate outward in order to approximate the visual effect of the explosion. Colored LEDs will make the effect more impressive and lifelike. The LEDs and the other supplies needed can be acquired from a hardware store.
Instructions
1
Rake a section of your backyard free of dirt and other contaminants. Place the end of the red LED light panel strip at the center of the section that has been freed of dirt and other contaminants. Run the other end of the strip in a clockwise pattern to form a circle.
2
Measure out 10 inches from a side of the red LED ring. Place the end of the blue LED light panel strip at this point. Run the other end of the strip around the red circle in a clockwise pattern to form a circle.
Measure 10 inches out from a side of the blue LED ring and repeat the procedure just completed with a white LED light panel strip.
4
Plug the power cord at the end of the red strip into an extension cord. Insert the plug at the other end of the extension cord into one of the sockets on a power strip that has a rocker switch. Repeat this procedure with the blue and white strip’s power cords, two extension cords and two power strips. Plug the power strips into outlets for power.
5
Stand your spectators where they can look toward the ground where the LED strips are located. Let it get dark so that the ground can no longer be seen.
6
Flip the switch on the power strip that is attached to the red LED circle. Let the LEDs illuminate for three seconds. Flip the switch again to turn off the red LEDs as you flip the switch on the power strip that is connected to the blue LED circle. Let the blue LEDs illuminate for six seconds.
7
Flip the switch to turn off the blue LEDs as you flip the switch on the power strip that is connected to the white LED circle. Let the white LEDs illuminate for 10 seconds. Flip the switch again to turn off the white LEDs. Repeat the procedure, only varying the time of each circle of LEDs to simulate the effect of fireworks going off.
Tips & Warnings
Add sound effects to make the "fireworks" appear more realistic to those watching.
You can hang the LEDs to make it appear as if the fireworks are going off in the sky.
Jagged circles will look better than smooth ones for the firework effect.
Do not use indoor extension cords; only use those that are rated for outdoor use.
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How to Troubleshoot Icicle Lights
How to Troubleshoot Icicle Lights
Among the most popular Christmas decorations are icicle lights. These consist of long strands of lights dangling down from a main cord; the effect looks like glowing icicles. They are used to decorate rooftops, eaves, porches and even doorways. Most people connect several strings of icicle lights together and power them up using an extension cord plugged into an outside outlet. When your icicle lights aren't working for some reason, take some time to troubleshoot to restore your house to full holiday glory
Instructions
1
Verify that the outlet you are using is supplying power. You can do this by removing the extension cord and plugging in something else that will verify that it is receiving electricity. If the outlet appears to be working fine, move to the next step in troubleshooting.
2
Locate the icicle light strand that is farthest out from the outlet. Unplug it to see if the rest of the strands then light up. Often, a bad strand will cause the rest in the line to go out. Removing the bad strand should cause the rest of the strands to the outlet to light.
3.Check the strand in your hands for bad bulbs if the rest do light up. Gently press each bulb into the socket; even if it looks connected, the filaments from a bulb may not be connecting with the components in the socket. Plug in the strand and see if it, too, lights up. If so, the problem is solved. If not, continue to the next step.
4
Move to the next-closest strand if the whole line remains dark, then disconnect it. See whether the rest of the strands light up back to the outlet. If so, check the bulbs on the second-closest strand. Reconnect and see if the rest of the strands light up. If so, you found the problem. If not, move to the next step.
5
Repeat the process with every strand back to the outlet--disconnecting, testing bulbs and reconnecting. This way, you'll be able to identify the problem strand and either fix it by adjusting the bulbs or replacing the strand with a working one.
6
Consider whether the problem is the extension cord if you get to the extension cord connection and the line is still dark.
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Among the most popular Christmas decorations are icicle lights. These consist of long strands of lights dangling down from a main cord; the effect looks like glowing icicles. They are used to decorate rooftops, eaves, porches and even doorways. Most people connect several strings of icicle lights together and power them up using an extension cord plugged into an outside outlet. When your icicle lights aren't working for some reason, take some time to troubleshoot to restore your house to full holiday glory
Instructions
1
Verify that the outlet you are using is supplying power. You can do this by removing the extension cord and plugging in something else that will verify that it is receiving electricity. If the outlet appears to be working fine, move to the next step in troubleshooting.
2
Locate the icicle light strand that is farthest out from the outlet. Unplug it to see if the rest of the strands then light up. Often, a bad strand will cause the rest in the line to go out. Removing the bad strand should cause the rest of the strands to the outlet to light.
3.Check the strand in your hands for bad bulbs if the rest do light up. Gently press each bulb into the socket; even if it looks connected, the filaments from a bulb may not be connecting with the components in the socket. Plug in the strand and see if it, too, lights up. If so, the problem is solved. If not, continue to the next step.
4
Move to the next-closest strand if the whole line remains dark, then disconnect it. See whether the rest of the strands light up back to the outlet. If so, check the bulbs on the second-closest strand. Reconnect and see if the rest of the strands light up. If so, you found the problem. If not, move to the next step.
5
Repeat the process with every strand back to the outlet--disconnecting, testing bulbs and reconnecting. This way, you'll be able to identify the problem strand and either fix it by adjusting the bulbs or replacing the strand with a working one.
6
Consider whether the problem is the extension cord if you get to the extension cord connection and the line is still dark.
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