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2014年8月28日星期四

How to Make LED Tail Lights Flash

Tail lights are located on the back of a car and consist of both turn signals and brake lights. Many cars use LCD lights in the tail/rear. LCD turn signals are used to signal the drivers behind you when making a turn or changing lanes. LCD brake lights let the cars behind you know when you are slowing down or stopping your car. Making use of these lights is easy to do as long as you know the proper procedure. Specifically, when attempting to make your LED tail lights blink, there are a few steps to follow.

Instructions
1
Push the turn signal switch up to activate your right turn signal. The LED signal will begin flashing.

2
Push the turn signal switch down to activate your left turn signal. The LED signal will begin flashing.

3.Press the brake pedal with your foot to activate the LED brake lights. If you want these lights to flash, press the pedal repeatedly.

4
Turn your hazard lights on by pressing the hazard button on the dashboard of your vehicle. When you push this button, both LED turn signals will blink simultaneously. The location of the hazard button will vary depending on your vehicle make and model.

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How to Make Light-up Shirts

Stitch a row of LED lights onto the shoulder, sleeves or front pocket of a shirt to make it light up and stand out. You will take your crafting to the next level once you learn how to work with soft circuits and conductive threads. You can start with a pre-made button-up shirt or T-shirt, or sew your own shirt and then attach the lights to it. Sewing a switch into the shirt lets you turn the lights on and off.

Instructions
1
Position your shirt on the embroidery hoop. Drape the part of the shirt that you will add the lights to over the inner circle of the hoop, then push the outer circle over top. Pull the shirt tightly and tighten the screw at the top of the hoop to secure the shirt.

2
Arrange the LEDs in a row or pattern (such as a circle or flower shape) on the shirt. Once you've determined how you want the lights to look, mark where each light will go with a disappearing ink marker.

3.Thread the needle with the conductive thread. Tie a knot in the opposite end of the thread.

4
Use the needle-nose pliers to bend the long lead (the metal wire that sticks out of the bottom) of each LED into a square, coiling the wire all the way up to the base of the light.

5
Use the pliers to coil the shorter lead of each LED up to the base of the light. Coil each lead on the switch, as well.

6
Position the first LED on the shirt and hold it in place with your fingers.

7
Push the needle up through the shirt, coming from the inside. Stitch around the square coil of the LED and push the needle back into the shirt. Continue to stitch around the square-coiled lead, until it is securely fastened to the shirt.

8
Place the battery holder on the inside of the shirt, near the first LED. Sew from the first lead of the LED to the positive end of the battery holder. Stitch around the positive end (there should be a small metal loop) until it is securely attached to the shirt.

9
Stitch from the positive end of the battery holder to where you will place the next LED. Sew the square-coiled lead of the LED to the shirt in the same manner that you sewed the first LED. Repeat, attaching the square coils of the remaining LEDs.

10
Tie the conductive thread at the end, to secure it. Wrap the thread under itself, so that it does not unravel and short circuit. Cut the end of the thread.

11
Re-thread the needle if you need to and tie the end of the thread. Push the needle up through the shirt and stitch the rounded coil lead of the first LED to the shirt. Make sure you do not touch the thread used to sew the positive, squared leads with the thread you are using to sew the negative, round leads. Stitch the remaining rounded leads in place. Do not tie off and trim the thread.

12
Cut a small hole in the shirt and push the switch through it, keeping the wire leads on the inside of the shirt. Stitch one lead to the shirt, using the same thread you used to sew the negative LED leads in place. Tie off and cut the thread.

13
Re-thread your needle and knot the end. Stitch the second lead of the switch in place, the same way you sewed the LED leads.

14
Stitch from the second lead on the switch to the negative end of the battery holder. Sew the negative end of the battery holder in place, then knot the thread end and trim.

15
Turn the switch so that the battery holder is off. Insert the coincell battery into the holder. Flip the switch and watch your shirt light up.

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Current Vs. Voltage of an LED Light Bulb & Resistor

Electronic component operation is often described by plotting the current that flows through the component against the voltage applied across the component. Such a plot is known as an I-V plot. An I-V plot, often supplied by the component manufacturer, is used to determine how much current will flow through a component for a given voltage applied across it.

Function
An I-V plot of a resistor is a straight line, often referred to as a linear I-V plot; that is, each successive and equal increment of voltage will produce an equal, incremental increase in current. A I-V plot is often modeled mathematically as a linear function; meaning that the current through a resistor is linearly proportional to the voltage across it.

An I-V plot of a LED bulb is exponential; meaning that each successive, equal increment in voltage will produce substantially greater amounts of current. The I-V plot of an LED bulb is modeled mathematically as an exponential function; in effect, the current through the LED is exponentially proportional to the voltage across it.

Resistance
From an I-V plot, you can find the resistance of an electronic component at a specific voltage level. To do this, select a voltage level and find the associated current level on the I-V plot. Then divide the voltage by the current.

For a resistor I-V plot, this calculated value, the resistance, will always be the same regardless of the voltage chosen. However, for an LED bulb, the resistance calculated will never be the same. The higher the voltage applied across the LED bulb, the lower the resistance of the bulb.

Types
Different resistors will have I-V plots that are lines but have different slopes. A small resistor, such as 10 ohm resistor, will have an I-V plot with a slope that is much higher than the slope of a 100,000 ohm resistor.

The I-V plot will also differ for different LEDs. LEDs that can produce a very bright light will have I-V plots that are steeper than LEDs that can't produce as bright of a light. And that's because brighter LEDs produce a higher current at a given voltage than a brightness-limited LED can.

Benefits
If you have an LED design that requires that all the LED bulbs produce an equivalent amount of light, you will have to ensure that their individual I-V plots are as similar as possible. Because manufactures don't guarantee that different LEDs will have the same I-V plot, to find out how similar I-V plots of different LEDs are, you will have to make your own.

You need a power supply, a voltmeter and an ammeter to make your LED's I-V plot. Apply different voltages across the LED with your power supply and measure the current through the LED for each different voltage. Plot each of these voltage/current readings on graph paper. Use the vertical axis for current and the horizontal axis for voltage. Connect the points together to make the I-V plot.

Misconceptions
If your make I-V plots of several different types of LED bulbs you might find that some LED bulbs don't have I-V plots that you would expect. And that's because these LED lights have other electronic circuits inside them. So when you construct the I-V plots of these devices, you are not constructing an IV plot of an LED but an electric circuit with an LED within it.

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2014年7月21日星期一

How to Do Residential LED Lighting

How to Do Residential LED Lighting

Residential LED light fixtures that replace incandescent or fluorescent bulbs are widely available, but they are not standardized in the sense that one or two numbers will tell the purchaser what kind of fixture he is buying. Instead, it is important to look at color, brightness, efficiency and lifetime as well as the purchase price for the particular bulb. All of these characteristics may vary widely for different fixtures and for different manufacturers.

Instructions
1
Check the color of the LED light and get bright white or warm white as preferred. Inexpensive white LEDs have a cold, almost purple light, while colored LEDs are even less expensive. For incandescent light replacement, warm white will come closest to the existing bulb, while bright white is close to fluorescent lighting.

2
Select the LED light on the basis of its rated light output in lumens. Unlike other bulbs, the wattage of LED lights does not directly indicate how bright they are because the LEDs may be more or less efficient. Incandescent bulbs produce about 15 lumens per watt, while fluorescent fixtures produce 20 to 25 lumens per watt. Standard LEDs produce about 20 lumens per watt, but high efficiency LEDs can produce much higher levels and vary widely. Calculate the lumens needed by multiplying the wattage of the old bulb by the appropriate lumens per watt, and then purchase the corresponding LED bulb. To replace a 60W incandescent bulb, an LED light with 60 x 15 = 900 lumens will be needed.

3
Calculate the approximate per hour cost for each fixture to determine which is the most cost effective. Multiply the wattage of the fixture by the cost of electricity in cents per kilowatt hour. Divide by 1,000 to get the cost per hour. Divide the purchase price in cents by the lifetime of the fixture in hours. Add to the cost of electricity to get the total cost in cents per hour. For example, assume a 20W LED light with a lifetime of 20,000 hours and a $40 purchase price on an electricity supply costing 10 cents per kWh. It would cost 0.2 cents for power and 0.2 cents to purchase for a total cost of 0.4 cents per hour.

As a comparison, an incandescent light bulb of 60 watts might give the same amount of light, cost $1 and last 2,000 hours. The cost for power would be 0.6 cents per hour, and the cost to purchase would be 0.05 cents, for a total cost per hour of 0.65 cents. This comparison does not include the effect of purchasing future incandescent light bulbs with inflated dollars, which will be worth less. On the other hand, future electricity costs will likely be higher, so these two effects can be expected to cancel each other to some extent. The comparison also does not include the extra cost of traveling to buy the additional incandescent bulbs and the time to change them.

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How to Make an LED Light Blink

How to Make an LED Light Blink

An LED, also known as a light emitting diode, can be made to blink. Not only can the LED be made to blink manually, but it can also be made to blink by itself. Regardless of the method you choose to make your LED blink, you will need other electronic components to make the LED blink. For simple designs, all you will need is a manual switch.

Instructions
1
Connect a toggle switch in parallel with your LED. Connect the anode of the LED to the switch's left connection terminal then connect the cathode of the LED to the switch's right connection terminal. Remember a toggle switch is controlled by a push button. When the button is pushed, a metal wire is either removed or placed across the two terminal connections of the switch.

2
Calculate the limiting resistor value for the LED. Assume that the LED you are using requires 2 Volts across it to light it, and that the electrical current to light the LED brightly is 30 milliamperes (remember one thousand milliamperes is equal to one ampere). Also consider that you will use a 5 Volt battery to power your LED blinking circuit. Now subtract the battery voltage from the required LED voltage to obtain 3. Now divide this result, 3, by the LED current required. Since 3 divided by 0.03 is 100, the resistor value you will need is 100 ohms.

3.Connect the parallel switch / LED arrangement constructed in the first step in series with your battery and the current limiting resistor. First connect the positive terminal of your battery to one end of the 100 ohm resistor. Next connect the other end of the 100 ohm resistor to the parallel switch / LED arrangement. Connect the resistor such it connects to the anode of the LED lead. Now connect the other lead of the parallel switch / LED arrangement to the negative terminal of the power supply.

4
Test your circuit. Turn on your battery and press the toggle switch. Repeatedly press the toggle switch and notice that each time you press the toggle switch the LED will blink on or off.

Tips & Warnings
This circuit design consumes power when the LED is on and off. Modifications could be made to such that the circuit would only require current when the LED is on.

For self-blinking designs, you will need an oscillator, that is a device that automatically generates an electronic waveform. If you want to make the LED light blink by itself, obtain or design an oscillator. Use the oscillators output waveform to turn the LED on and off at set intervals. Consider that, just as you did with the toggle switch design, you will need to place a current limiting resistor between the output of the oscillator and the LED,

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How to Grow Under a LED Light

How to Grow Under a LED Light
Building an LED grow box can help to provide enough light for your plants to grow during the winter. It also can give you more space to grow plants by allowing you to grow them in crawlspaces or closets. Gardeners use grow boxes mostly for sprouting plants that they will later plant outside in their gardens. Use LED lights rather than regular bulbs because LED lights do not produce as much heat, which can damage young plants.

Instructions
1
Put the lid on your rubber tub. Press it to make sure that it is secure.

2
Put a ? inch drill bit on your drill.

Count the number of LED bulbs on your string of Christmas lights.

4
Drill the same number of holes into the lid. Space them evenly across the entire lid, but you do not need to measure them exactly. Spacing them evenly will ensure that all of the plants in the box are getting the same amount of light.

5
Press the LED lights through the holes.

6
Plug in the LED lights. Use an extension cord if necessary.

7
Place the plants inside the grow box and close the lid. Turn the lights on for at least eight hours per day.

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How to Use LED Lighting for a Video

How to Use LED Lighting for a Video

LED lights, light emitting diodes, work by converting electricity into light. LED lights are more durable than traditional fluorescent or incandescent lighting, and when turned on LED light panels provide a steady stream of non-flickering light, according to NAHB Research Center. LED light panels for video lighting can be an ideal way to illuminate a scene as these lights do not run hot and they provide an even glow, which is ideal for illuminating a subject.

Instructions
1
Purchase the appropriate lighting panel for your use. The size of an LED light panel depends on how much of the subject you will need to light. A standard video light setup should have a medium-sized light panel with a smaller mini panel to counterbalance shadows. If you will be interviewing a person on video, a ring-shaped LED panel will cast an attractive glow on the subject without causing a white-out on the subject's skin.

2
Set up the lights. Use the larger LED light panel as your key light, which is the brightest light within the setup. Position the light as you would with a standard incandescent light, usually at about a 45-degree angle diagonally in front of the subject. Balance the light given by the key light by setting up a fill light. This light should be smaller than the key light and around 50 to 75 percent dimmer. Most LED light panels have a built-in dimmer, which does not alter the color of the light but simply changes its brightness. Position the fill light on the opposite side of the subject to remove shadows created by the key light.

3
Adjust the brightness levels of the LED light panels. Because LED light panels do not get hot, you can place the lights as close as needed to the subject without the fear of burning or whiting out the subject. Once you have positioned the lights and adjusted their brightness, call "Action" and let the magic of filmmaking begin.

Tips & Warnings
Purchase at least three different LED lighting panels. Depending on the shot you wish to create, you may need to place more than two lights on the subject.

Set light angles and levels by referencing your video camera monitor to get a sense of how the subject looks on film.

Do not simply set up the lights and begin filming. Take time to establish the light locations and play with the brightness levels of the panels until you have the ideal lighting situation.

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